Foreword I

As we are walking into the 21st century, "health for all "is still an important task for the World Health Organization (WHO) to accomplish in the new century. The realization of "health for all "requires mutual cooperation and concerted efforts of various medical sciences, including traditional medicine. WHO has increasingly emphasized the development of traditional medicine and has made fruitful efforts to promote its development. Currently the spectrum of diseases is changing and an increasing number of diseases are difficult to cure. The side effects of chemical drugs have become more and more evident. Furthermore, both the governments and peoples in all countries are faced with the problem of high cost of medical treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). the complete system of traditional medicine in the world with unique their and excellent clinical curative effects, basically meets the need to solve such problems. Therefore, bringing TCM into full play in medical treatment and healthcare will certainly become one of the hot points in the world medical business in the 21st century.

Various aspects of work need to be done to promote the course of the internationalization of TCM, especially the compilation of works and textbooks suitable for international readers. The impending new century has witnessed the compilation of such a series of books known as A Newly Compiled Practical English-Chinese Library of Traditional Chinese Medicine published by the Publishing House of Shanghai University of TCM, compiled by Nanjing University of TCM and translated by Shanghai University of TCM Professor Zuo Yanfu, the general compiler-in-chief of this Library, is a person who sets his mind on the international dissemination of TCM. He has compiled General Survey on TCM Abroad, a monograph on the development and state of TCM abroad. This Library is another important works written by the experts organized by him with the support of Nanjing university of TCM and Shanghai University of TCM. The compilation of this Library is done with consummate ingenuity and according to the development of TCM abroad. The compilers, based on the premise of preserving the genuineness and gist of TCM, have tried to make the contents concise, practical and easy to understand, making great efforts to introduce the abstruse ideas of TCM in a scientific and Simple way as well as expounding the prevention and treatment of diseases which are commonly encountered abroad and can be effectively treated by TCM.

This Library encompasses a systematic summarization of the teaching experience accumulated in Nanjing University of TCM and Shanghai University of TCM that run the collaborating centers of traditional medicine and the international training centers on acupuncture and moxibustion set by WHO. I am sure that the publication of this Library will further promote the development of traditional Chinese medicine abroad and enable the world to have a better understanding of traditional Chinese medicine.

Professor Zhu Qingsheng

vice-Minister of health Ministry of the People's Republic of China

Director of the State Administrative Bureau of TCM

December 14, 2000 Beijing

Foreword II

Before the existence of the modern medicine, human beings depended solely on herbal medicines and other therapeutic methods to treat diseases and preserve health. Such a practice gave rise to the establishment of various kinds of traditional medicine with unique theory and practice, such as traditional Chinese medicine, Indian medicine and Arabian medicine, etc. Among these traditional systems of medicine, traditional Chinese medicine is a most extraordinary one based on which traditional Korean medicine and Japanese medicine have evolved.

Even in the 21st century, traditional medicine is still of great vitality. In spite of the fast development of modern medicine, traditional medicine is still disseminated far and wide. In many developing countries, most of the people in the rural areas still depend on traditional medicine and traditional medical practitioners to meet the need for primary healthcare. Even in the countries with advanced modern medicine, more and more people have begun to accept traditional medicine and other therapeutic methods, such as homeopathy, osteopathy and naturopathy , etc.

With the change of the economy, culture and living style in various regions as well as the aging in the world population, the disease spectrum has changed. And such a change has paved the way for the new application of traditional medicine. Besides, the new requirements initiated by the new diseases and the achievements and limitations of modern medicine have also created challenges for traditional medicine.

WHO sensed the importance of traditional medicine to human health early in the 1970s and have made great efforts to develop traditional medicine. At the 29th world health congress held in 1976, the item of traditional medicine was adopted in the working plan of WHO. In the following world health congresses, a series of resolutions were passed to demand the member countries to develop, utilize and study traditional medicine according to their specific conditions so as to reduce medical expenses for the realization of "health for all".

WHO has laid great stress on the scientific content, safe and effective application of traditional medicine. It has published and distributed a series of booklets on the scientific, safe and effective use of herbs and acupuncture and moxibustion. It has also made great contributions to the international standardization of traditional medical terms. The safe and effective application of traditional medical practitioners. That is why WHO has made great efforts to train them. WHO has run 27 collaborating centers in the world which have made great contributions to the training of acupuncturists and traditional medical practitioners. Nanjing University of TCM and Shanghai University of TCM run the collaborating centers with WHO. In recent years it has, with the cooperation of WHO and other countries, trained about ten thousand international students from over 90 countries.

In order to further promote the dissemination of traditional Chinese medicine in the world, A Newly Compiled Practical English-Chinese Library of Traditional Chinese Medicine, compiled by Nanjing University of TCM with professor Zuo Yanfu as the general compiler-in-chief and published by the Publishing House of Shanghai University of TCM, aims at systematic, accurate and concise expounding of traditional Chinese medical theory and introducing clinical therapeutic methods of traditional medicine according to modern medical nomenclature of diseases. Undoubtedly, this series of books will be the practical textbooks for the beginners with certain English level of Chinese to study traditional Chinese medicine. Besides, this series of books can also serve as reference books for WHO to internationally standardize the nomenclature of acupuncture and moxibustion.

The scientific, safe and effective use of traditional medicine will certainly further promote the development of traditional medicine and traditional medicine will undoubtedly make more and more contributions to human health in the 21st century.

Zhang Xiaorui

WHO Coordination Officer

December, 2000

Contents

1 The Theoretical Basis of Life Cultivation and Rehabilitation of TCM

1.1 Purpose: Health and longevity

1.1.1 The integration of life with nature

1.1.2 Health and longevity on harmony

1.1.3 Comprehensive physiological and psychic life cultivation and rehabilitation

1.2 Basis: Life and life span

1.2.1 Life

1.2.2 Life span and health

1.2.3 Ageing

1.2.4 Masters' experience in life cultivation and life prolongation in successive dynasties

1.3 Concept: Conforming to nature

1.3.1 Man's relevant adaptation to nature

1.3.2 Unity of physique and spirit

1.3.3 Interdependence of movement and motionlessness

1.3.4 Coordination and balance

1.3.5 Healthy qi as the base

1.4 Principle: Wholism and syndrome differentiation

1.4.1 principle of wholism

1.4.2 Principle of syndrome differentiation

1.4.3 Principle of functions

2 Natural Therapeutic Methods of Life Cultivation and Rehabilitation

2.1 Regulating emotions

2.1.1 Abstaining from anger

2.1.2 Giving vent to depression

2.1.3 Straightening one out with the help of a friend

2.1.4 Diverting emotions

2.1.5 Sports

2.1.6 suggestion

2.1.7 Colors

2.1.8 Checking one emotion with another

2.2 Environments, daily life and clothing

2.2.1 Environments

2.2.2 Daily life

2.2.3 Clothing

2.2.4 Defecation and urination

2.3 Life cultivation and rehabilitation with the diet

2.3.1 The effects of life cultivation with he diet

2.3.2 Principles of rehabilitation with the diet

2.3.3 The commonly-used dietary prescriptions for life cultivation

2.3.4 Health care with diet

2.4 Health care methods in sexual life

2.4.1 Sexual life and prolonging life

2.4.2 Measures for health care in sexual life

2.4.3 Taboos on sexual life

2.5 Therapies with sports

2.5.1 The characteristics and applying principles of enhancing health with sports activities in TCM

2.5.2 Examples of life cultivation and rehabilitation with classical sports activities

2.6 Therapies with recreation

2.6.1 Musical therapy

2.6.2 Singing therapy

2.6.3 Dancing therapy

2.6.4 Drama therapy

2.6.5 Therapies with a musical instrument and chess, practicing paintings and calligraphy

2.7 Life cultivation and rehabilitation with loutrotherapy

2.7.1 Medicated bath

2.7.2 Mud bath

2.7.3 Sand bath

3 Techniques of TCM Life Cultivation and Rehabilitation

3.1 Acupuncture therapy

3.1.1 Body acupuncture

3.1.2 ear acupuncture

3.1.3 Scalp acupuncture

3.1.4 Moxibustion for health care

3.2 Massage therapy

3.2.1 The applying principles of massage

3.2.2 manipulations of self-massage and their application

3.3 Therapies with traditional Chinese drugs

3.3.1 Therapies with oral medications

3.3.2 Life cultivation and rehabilitation with external therapy

3.3.3 Drugs and prescriptions for promoting longevity

3.4 Nursing of TCM Rehabilitation

3.4.1 Nursing with he concept of wholism

3.4.2 Differentiating syndrome to decide nursing

3.4.3 Comprehensive nursing

3.4.4 The nursing methods of attaching equal importance to somatic and psychic health

4 Forbidden Points for Life Cultivation and Rehabilitation

4.1 Abstinence from smoking and drinking

4.1.1 Smoking is harmful to health

4.1.2 Drinking and health

4.2 Abstinence from food reference

4.3 Abstinence from overstrain

4.3.1 Abstinence from mental overstrain

4.3.2 Abstinence from physical overstrain

4.3.3 Abstinence from sexual overstrain

4.4 Abstinence from extreme emotional activities

5 Examples of TCM Life cultivation in Accordance with Individual Differences

5.1 Constitutional cultivation

5.1.1 Constitution with yin deficiency

5.1.2 Constitution with yang deficiency

5.1.3 Constitution with qi deficiency

5.1.4 constitution with blood deficiency

5.1.5 Constitution with excessive yang

5.1.6 Constitution with blood stasis

5.1.7 Constitution with phlegm and dampness

5.1.8 Constitution with qi depression

5.2 Life cultivation in the pregnant women

5.2.1 Prenatal conditioning

5.2.2 Regulating the diet

5.2.3 Living a normal daily life

5.2.4 Proper balance between work and rest

5.2.5 Abstinence from sexual life

5.2.6 Using drugs with caution

5.3 health care for children

5.3.1 Early education

5.3.2 Reasonable diet

5.3.3 Rearing the children carefully

5.3.4 Training physique

5.3.5 Developing good habits

5.3.6 Benefiting intelligence with traditional Chinese drugs

5.4 Health care for women

5.4.1 Health care during the menstrual period

5.4.2 Health care during the puerperium

5.4.3 Health care during the breast feeding period

5.4.4 Health care during the climacterium

5.5 Health care for old people

5.5.1 Establishing the psychological state of being optimistic, open-minded, kind and enterprising

5.5.2 Taking the nutritious, bland, well-cooked, soft and various diet

5.5.3 Sports activities

5.5.4 Reasonable administration

5.6  Health care for mental workers

5.6.1 Scientific use of the brain

5.6.2 Protecting eyesight

5.6.3 Living in a suitable environment

5.6.4 Tonifying the brain with drugs

5.6.5 Eyesight-protecting drugs and foods

5.6.6 Brain-tonifying and intelligence-benefiting drugs

5.6.7 Health care with sports and massage

5.7 Health care for physical workers

5.7.1 Moving the limbs

5.7.2 Balancing the diet

5.7.3 Reasonable use of the brain

5.8 Life cultivation for handicapped people

5.8.1 Health care for visual disabilities

5.8.2 Health care for hearing disabilities

5.8.3 Health care for linguistic disabilities

5.8.4 Health care for disabilities of limbs and the body

5.8.5 Health care for intellectual disabilities

5.8.6 Health care for mental disabilities

6 Examples of TCM life Cultivation in Accordance with Seasonal Conditions

6.1 Life cultivation in spring

6.1.1 Regulating the daily life

6.1.2 Regulating emotions

6.1.3 Regulating the diet

6.1.4 Physical training

6.2 Life cultivation in summer

6.2.1 Regulating the daily life

6.2.2 Regulating emotions

6.2.3 Regulating the diet

6.2.4 Physical training

6.3 Life cultivation in autumn

6.3.1 Regulating the daily life

6.3.2 Regulating emotions

6.3.3 Regulating the diet

6.3.4 Physical training

6.4 Life cultivation in winter

6.4.1 Regulating the daily life

6.4.2 Regulating emotions

6.4.3 Regulating the diet

6.4.4 Physical training

7 Examples of TCM Health care for specific Regions

7.1 Oral health care

7.1.1 consolidating the teeth

7.1.2 Swallowing saliva

7.2 Facial health care

7.2.1 Massage and acumox

7.2.2 Diet

7.2.3 Drugs

7.3 Health care of the hair

7.3.1 Combing the hair and massaging the scalp

7.3.2 Diet

7.3.3 Drugs

7.4 Health care of the eyes

7.4.1 Exercising the eyes

7.4.2 Massage

7.4.3 Sitting in repose with the eyes closed

7.4.4 Diet

7.4.5 Drugs

7.5 Health care of the ears

7.5.1 Massage

7.5.2 Avoiding the drug allergy

7.6 Health care of the nose

7.6.1 Bathing the nose

7.6.2 Massage

7.6.3 Drugs

7.7 Health care of the extremities

7.7.1 Health care of the upper limbs

7.7.2 Health care of the lower limbs

7.8 health care of the chest, back, waist and abdomen

7.8.1 health care of the chest

7.8.2 Health care of the back

7.8.3 Health care of the waist

7.8.4 Health care of the abdomen

8 Rehabilitation examples of commonly-Seen Diseases

8.1 Rehabilitation for sequelae

8.1.1 Low fever

8.1.2 cough

8.1.3 Edema

8.1.4 Hypodynamia

8.1.5 Polyhidrosis

8.1.6 Insomnia

8.1.7 Anorexia

8.1.8 Palpitation due to fright

8.1.9 Constipation

8.1.10 Diarrhea

8.2 Rehabilitation for senile diseases

8.2.1 hypertension

8.2.2 Sequelae of apoplexy

8.2.3 Hypotension

8.2.4 Coronary heart disease

8.2.5 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

8.2.6 Diabetes

8.2.7 Senile dementia

8.2.8 Senile pruritus

8.3 Rehabilitation for malignant tumor

8.3.1 Cancer of digestive tract

8.3.2 Pulmonary carcinoma

8.3.3 Cerebroma

8.3.4 Mammary cancer

8.4 Rehabilitation for commonly-seen internal disease

8.4.1 Chronic nephritis

8.4.2 Chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis

8.4.3 Gastroptosis

8.4.4 Pulmonary tuberculosis

8.4.5 posthemorrhagic syndromes

Postscript